Ubuntu 14.04 執行 Python 網際程式

Nginx 當前端, 在 Ubuntu 以 uwsgi 執行 Python 程式.

nginx.conf 設定

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user www-data;
worker_processes 4;
pid /run/nginx.pid;

events {
    worker_connections 768;
    # multi_accept on;
}

http {

    ##
    # Basic Settings
    ##

    sendfile on;
    tcp_nopush on;
    tcp_nodelay on;
    keepalive_timeout 65;
    types_hash_max_size 2048;
    # server_tokens off;

    # server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;
    # server_name_in_redirect off;

    include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type application/octet-stream;

    ##
    # Logging Settings
    ##

    access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
    error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;

    ##
    # Gzip Settings
    ##

    gzip on;
    gzip_disable "msie6";

    # gzip_vary on;
    # gzip_proxied any;
    # gzip_comp_level 6;
    # gzip_buffers 16 8k;
    # gzip_http_version 1.1;
    # gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;

    ##
    # nginx-naxsi config
    ##
    # Uncomment it if you installed nginx-naxsi
    ##

    #include /etc/nginx/naxsi_core.rules;

    ##
    # nginx-passenger config
    ##
    # Uncomment it if you installed nginx-passenger
    ##

    #passenger_root /usr;
    #passenger_ruby /usr/bin/ruby;

    ##
    # Virtual Host Configs
    ##

    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
    include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}


#mail {
#   # See sample authentication script at:
#   # http://wiki.nginx.org/ImapAuthenticateWithApachePhpScript
# 
#   # auth_http localhost/auth.php;
#   # pop3_capabilities "TOP" "USER";
#   # imap_capabilities "IMAP4rev1" "UIDPLUS";
# 
#   server {
#       listen     localhost:110;
#       protocol   pop3;
#       proxy      on;
#   }
# 
#   server {
#       listen     localhost:143;
#       protocol   imap;
#       proxy      on;
#   }
#}


72 行中的 include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*; 表示導入 sites-enabled 中的所有設定檔.

而 sites-enabled 中只有一個 default 指向 sites-available/default, 所以隨後的設定都以 sites-available/default 檔案為主

sites-availables/default 設定檔案:

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server {
    listen 80 default_server;
    listen [::]:80 default_server ipv6only=on;

    listen 443 ssl;
    listen [::]:443 ssl ipv6only=on;

    location /static {
        alias  /home/hp3/cmsimply/wsgi/static/;
    }

    location / {
        include uwsgi_params;
        uwsgi_pass  127.0.0.1:8080;
    }

    server_name localhost;
    #ssl on;
    ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/nginx.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/nginx.key;
    ssl_session_timeout 5m;
    ssl_protocols SSLv3 TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
    ssl_ciphers "HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5 or HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5:!3DES";
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
    try_files $uri $uri/ =404;

}


其中第 13 行 include uwsgi_params;, 表示 uwsgi_params 檔案必須位於與 default 設定檔案同一個目錄, 也就是必須位於 sites-available 目錄中.

第 14 行 uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8080; 表示 uwsgi 伺服傳送是透過近端主機中的 8080 埠號傳資料給 nginx, 然後再由 nginx 透過埠號 80 與 443 進行全球資訊網伺服, 因此用戶無法直接擷取 uwsgi 所傳出的資料, 而是經過內部 8080 傳給 nginx 後再以 http 或 https 與請求連線的客戶端進行互動.

uwsgi_params 檔案內容:

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uwsgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
uwsgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
uwsgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
uwsgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;
uwsgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;
uwsgi_param PATH_INFO $document_uri;
uwsgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;
uwsgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;
uwsgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;
uwsgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;
uwsgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;
uwsgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;
uwsgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;


處理好 nginx 設定之後, 接著處理 uwsgi 的啟動, 希望在開機時就交由操作系統啟動, 這裡透過 /etc/init/uwsgi.conf 設定完成.

/etc/init/uwsgi.conf 檔案內容:

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description "uwsgi Emperor"
start on runlevel [2345]
stop on runlevel [06]

respawn

exec uwsgi --uid hp3 --gid hp3 --emperor /home/hp3/uwsgi_ini


以上採用 uwsgi Emperor 的設定方式啟動 /home/hp3/uwsgi_ini 目錄中的所有 uwsgi 程式啟動.

而目前位於 /home/hp3/uwsgi_ini 目錄中只有一個 uwsgi.ini 檔案, 內容如下:

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[uwsgi]
socket = :8080
processes = 4
master = true
chdir = /home/hp3/cmsimply/wsgi
wsgi-file = /home/hp3/cmsimply/wsgi/application


表示要以近端的 8080 埠號啟動 uwsgi, 而且設定執行目錄與執行的 uwsgi 應用程式 /home/hp3/cmsimply/wsgi/application

這時很重要的一點就是 application 必須採 uwsgi 啟動設定, 也就是與 OpenShift 端的啟動方式相同.

/home/hp3/cmsimply/wsgi/application 最後啟動設定為:

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if inOpenshift:
    # operate in OpenShift
    application = cherrypy.Application(root, config = application_conf)
else:
    # operate in localhost
    #cherrypy.server.socket_port = 8080
    #cherrypy.server.socket_host = 'XXX.XXX.17.103'
    #cherrypy.quickstart(root, config = application_conf)
    application = cherrypy.Application(root, config = application_conf)

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